More and more of our lives involve interacting with an electronic device. When you slip your smart phone into your pocket or laptop into your bag, it is easy to forget the volume of information you’re carrying with you. For many, it is an entire library – years of correspondence, business records, personal conversations, photos, web surfing history, and reading habits – all stored on one device.

The idea of someone digging through all that information and deciding if you should be allowed to come into Canada or not seems implausible, but that is exactly what happens when the Canada Border Services Agency (the “CBSA”) searches electronic devices at the border.

The law around searches at the border was designed during a time when people would only bring a small amount of personal information with them, but today we bring vast troves of personal data along in our pockets. This handbook is meant to help you make sense of the current state of play with respect to electronic searches at the Canadian border and at US preclearance zones in Canada, and to provide tools to protect your privacy when travelling with electronic devices.

What this guide does:

1. Rights at the Canadian border – What can and can’t be done by a CBSA officer when they decide to search your electronic devices?
2. CBSA policies – What exactly do CBSA officers do when they are searching your electronic devices?
3. Rights at U.S. preclearance areas – What can and can’t be done by a preclearance officer when they decide to search your electronic devices?
4. Best practices – What steps can you take to keep your data private and secure?
5. I’ve been searched! – What should you do if your electronic devices have been searched by the CBSA?

With this helpful guide, you will be as ready as you can be for your next border crossing.

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Download guide in multiple languages:

Your Privacy Rights at the Border

What can and can’t be done by a CBSA officer when they decide to search your electronic devices?

Best Privacy Practices at the Border

What are some best practices to keep your personal information private and secure when crossing the border?

This project was supported by a grant from the Canadian Internet Registration Authority’s (CIRA) Community Investment Program.

About CIRA and the Community Investment Program

CIRA is building a better online Canada through the Community Investment Program by funding charities, not-for-profits and members of the academic community who are making the Internet better for all Canadians. CIRA is best known for our role managing the .CA domain on behalf of all Canadians. While this remains our primary mandate, as a member-based not-for-profit ourselves, we have a much broader goal to strengthen Canada’s Internet. The Community Investment Program is one of our most valuable contributions toward this goal and funds projects in digital literacy, online services, research and infrastructure. Every .CA domain name registered or renewed contributes to this program. To date CIRA has contributed $5.45 million in Community Investment Program grants.